Dr. J. W. Roberts' Memorial Greek Web Page
Goal of this Page
The goal of this page is to encourage children of God to learn to read the New Testament in the original Greek with expression and understanding in order to enrich their spiritual lives and bring glory to God.
This page is dedicated to the work of Dr. J. W. Roberts. Dr. Roberts taught Greek at Abilene Christian College from 1946 to 1973. Here is a short biography and complete bibliography: Restoration Quarterly 1974. You can purchase my paperback edition of his superb Greek grammar by clicking on the following link: A Grammar of the Greek New Testament for Beginners. You can preview the interior in pdf format by clicking on the following link: A Grammar of the Greek New Testament for Beginners. Dr. Ian Fair, who studied under Dr. Roberts and taught Roberts' Grammar at the Natal Bible School in South Africa, encouraged me to republish Roberts' great work, mentioning that it was a truly great grammar. Here is a page of Audio Instruction for J. W. Roberts' Grammar of the Greek New Testament for Beginners. Here are all the Lesson Vocabularies.
Here is a preliminary Spanish version: Una Gramática Greiga del Nuevo Testamento para Principiantes. This is the textbook that I am using with my Spanish speaking students studying NT Greek at the Instituto Latinioamericano de Estudios Bíblicos (ILEB) en Toluca, Mexico. Here is the ILEB Facebook Page. Here is my Cumulative Vocabulary and Exercises for McKibben’s translation of W. H. Davis Gramática Elemental del Griego del Nuevo Tetamento. Here is a good copy of Davis’ Grammar in English.
Here are some articles by Dr. Roberts from the Restoration Quarterly: Every Scripture Inspired of God, and The Preposition eis in Mat. 12: 41. That Faith Only Translation. "His specialized fields for teaching were New Testament Greek and the Bible. He held membership in the Society of Biblical Literature and the American Academy of Religion. [From 1958 on, Roberts taught from his own mimeographed textbook, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament for Beginners. One of his great dreams (unfilled during his lifetime) was to have his material - which he considered the best "tested" method for teaching Koine Greek - published.” Here is link to his excellent commentary on James.
Dr. Roberts was born August 28, 1918 and passed away on April 15, 1973.
Progress to date
I originally published the lesson individually in pdf files. The last lesson was posted on 6/20/05. Much thanks to Wayne Price, a former student of Roberts, who taught my Online edition and helped to bring it to a high degree of correctness. Thanks also to David Singleton, a former student of Dr. Roberts, who loaned me his personal copy of Roberts' Grammar with his classroom (margin) notes so I could include some of Roberts' intended revisions in the present work. Many of the Lessons have recently undergone extensive correction as of 3/16/06. Moving to a new server made it necessary to republish Dr. Roberts' Grammar (10/8/12). I took the opportunity to combine all lessons into a single pdf file. Beginning in early October 2014, I began preparing my Word files for a paperback with CreateSpace. By the grace of God, I managed to publish it the last day of 2014.
A Comparative Lexicon of New Testament Greek (1954, 2021) by L. R. Elliott, Revised by Donald L. Potter. I bought this book at a book sale at the Grace Theological Library in Warsaw, IN, in July 1999. The book proved so valuable to that I decided to retype it to publish myself. It will help you build your Greek vocabulary quickly by learning the roots, prefixes, and suffixes.
Students using Roberts' Grammar will find Dana & Mantey's Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament an invaluable reference source. Here is a pdf of a Spanish translation of Dana & Mantey This is an excellent scanned copy, that is perfect for reading with on an iPad in iBook or for running off a hard copy on a printer. Unfortunately it is no longer in print. Brooks & Winbery's Syntax and Morphology are excellent references book to use with Roberts' Grammar. They follow the 8 case approach. Another book I have used extensively is A Greek Grammar of the New Testament: A Workbook Approach to Intermediate Grammar (1979) by Curtis Vaughn and Virtus E. Gideon.
H. P. V. Nunn's Masterpiece for Beginners
One of the best text for learning New Testament Greek ever published was H. P. V. Nunn's Elements of New Testament Greek. It is noteworthy because of its clear introduction to English grammar, up-to-date information from comparative philology, detailed accidence (morphology), and ample exercises from Greek to English and English to Greek to make sure the Grammar is thoroughly mastered. A Key is available for students studying on their own. He also published A Short Syntax of NT Greek, that presents the material in an inviting and readable format. I am thrilled to announce that on May 13, 2020 Lexham Press published John D. Schwandt’s revision of Nunn’s grammar, An Introduction to Biblical Greek.
Ray Summers (1950) Essentials of New Testament Greek. This was my first Greek grammar! Donald Wise at the Moody Bible Institute was my instructor. Here is Donald Wise’s 1982 revision of Kenneth S. Wuest’s The Practical Use of the Greek New Testament. Here is Thomas Sawyer’s 1995 Revision of Summer’s Essentials. Here is Steven Cox’s Student Guide to the Revised Edition of Summer’s Essentials. Here is a link to Summer’s Morpheme Practice. And here are my Worksheets for Summer’s Exercises. I recommend downloading them to Notability for practice on an iPad or other tablet. Here are my Quizlet Flashcards for Summer’s Vocabulary. Here are my Quizlet Flashcards for the Principal Parts in Summer’s Revised Essentials (Following Dana Harris’ suggestions) Here is a good article on the nature and use of Principal Parts. Here are Corrections for Sawyer’s Revison of Summer’s Essentials. Here is Spiros Zodhiates’ Answer Book for Summer’s Essentials.
Elementary NT Greek (2014) by Joseph R Dongell. Some of the clearest explanations of NT Greek morphology and grammar found anywhere.
Fluent Greek website by James Abney. https://fluentgreeknt.com/about/
A Grammatical Analysis of the Greek New Testament (4th ed., 1993) by Max Zerwick S.J. & Mary Grosvenor. I have used the 1974, 3rd edition since 1977. It is one of the first books every student of the Greek NT should have in his or her library.
New Plan for Reading the Greek NT i 2023 by Timothy Paul Jones.
Walking Through Phillipians: A Brief Guided Tour by Rod Whitacre. This YouTube series has had 242 views as of July 29, 2022. It is worthy of a lot more views than that so let’s share it.
Greek For All vocabulary apps: For the LXX. For the NT. These are the best apps for learning Biblical Vocabulary
Watson E. Mills New Testament Greek: An Introductory Grammar (1985) an interesting 8-case Grammar.
Bruce Metzger Lexical Aids for Students of NT Greek (1998). Every student of NT Greek should have a copy of this valuable work. By the same author, anyone wanting to learn to read the ancient Greek manuscripts will find Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Greek Paleography an essential tool.
You can type Greek with Type Greek. Learn how to type the Greek Alphabet with this program.
Lee Irons's Greek Syntax Notes will help to facilitate your study of the finer points of Greek syntax. His Upper-Register website has lots of research articles.
The Greek New Testament for Beginning Readers: Byzantine Textform. This is the finest tool for students seeking to learn to read the Greek New Testament. It is especially noteworthy for the information on parsing verbs. It will do wonders for your sight reading ability. Here is the same wonderful book in Free PDF: Reader’s Edition. Here is the 2018 update to the RP Byzantine Textform.
Greek New Testament Reader with Word Parsing, Morphology, and Dictionary. This features the Society of Biblical Literature Greek text edited by Michael Holmes. Very helpful.
Tyndale House Greek NT STEP. This is the link to the Byzantine Greek Text. There is amazing amount of information available by clicking on any word.
Here is a Complete Video Course in NT Greek featuring David Allen Black´s Learn to Read New Testament Greek.
Here is an oral rendition of John Chapter 1.
Here is my Progress Chart for Darryl Burling’s Mastering NT Greek. Here is a more recent MNTG Chart. Here is Dr. Burling Master NT Greek website. Dan Wallace has a plan for reading the Greek New Testament in one year.
Greekdoc.com: NT, OT, Apocrypha, and Early Church documents in Greek with parsing and definitio
C. B. Hale’s (1982) Let’s Study Greek is a unique approach to learning NT Greek using interesting narratives. Unfortunately it is currently out of print. James Boyce published a private edition with a key in 1998.
Murry J. Harris (2011) Prepositions and Theology in the Greek New Testament.
Septuagint of Genesis formatted for fluent oral and silent reading. I created this document myself.
Concerning my Greek System of Pronunciation
My own Greek pronunciation largely follows the recommendations in W. S. Allen's Vox Graeca: A Guide To The Pronunciation Of Classical Greek,Cambridge 1987. You can purchase Allen's authoritative book at: Vox Graeca: W. Sidney Allen. I privately published a work entitled A Practical Guide the Pronunciation and Reading of New Testament Greek in 1987, in which I sought to apply my studies in Ancient Greek pronunciation and Articulatory Phonetics to the oral rendition of New Testament Greek. Here is an early edition of Vox Graeca in pdf format. Ηere are some extensive Pronunciation Drills for Koiné Greek that I developed March 2021.
Welcome to the Ancient Greek Tutorial site of the Department of Classics of the University of California, Berkeley, a project of Professor Donald Mastronarde and the Berkeley Language Center. I recently discovered another web site loaded with practical information on Ancient Greek pronunciation, including audio files and numerous links: Biblical Greek Pronunciation
Institute of Biblical Greek: Guide to various Pronunciations of NT Greek.
Historical Greek Pronunciation vs. Erasmian by Philemon Zachariou. A thorough study of the history of the pronunciation of Greek, advocating Modern Pronunciation.
Brooks and Winbery (1994) A Morphology of NT Greek : A Review and Reference Grammar. Rivals Mounce’s Morphology.
Listen to the Greek Text of Ephesians Read by Dr. Louis Tyler
Dr. Tyler has just recorded (Jan. '06) the Robinson-Pierpoint Byzantine Greek NT. I will leave the earlier recordings of the Textus Receptus below for those who prefer the TR. To listen just click on the chapter: Ephesians 1, Ephesians 2, Ephesians 3, Ephesians 4, Ephesians 5, Ephesians 6. The Partiarcial Text of the Greek Orthodox Church is virtually identical to the R-P text. Ephesians - Greek Orthodox Text. Here is an Interview with Robinson. Dr. Tyler now has his own website: www.AudioHebrewGreekBible.com. Vocabulary of the Word Forms in Ephesians.
My good friend Louis Tyler M. Div, M.A., Ph.D. made these recordings for me when I was teaching Spanish at the Bowie Junior High in Odessa, TX. It is a meticulously accurate recording of the book of Ephesians from F. H. A. Scrivener's 1894 and 1902 edition of the Textus Receptus. Click on the Chapter Links below to listen to the mp3 audio. Ephesians 1; Ephesians 2; Ephesians 3; Ephesians 4; Ephesians 5; Ephesians 6.
Here is Ross and Elizabeth McKerras’ excellent rendition of Ephesians on YouTube: Ephesians 1; Ephesians 2; Ephesians 3; Ephesians 4; Ephesians 5; Ephesians 6.
Here is Dr. Louis Tyler’s audio recoding of Jonah in the LXX. This is a great opportunity to broaden and deepen your experience reading Hellenistic Greek. Jonah 1, Jonah 2, Jonah 3, Jonah 4. Here is a convenient copy of the LXX of Jonah to use with the recordings
Here is a link to Dr. Louis Tyler’s recording of the entire Robinson-Pierpoint Greek NT Textform.
The Gospel of John in the Nestle-Aland 26 Edition. A superb reading with Erasmian pronunciation. The accents and phrasing is excellent. The rho is not trilled. Here is Christophe Rico reading John Chapter 1 in Erasmian pronunciation. Be sure and watch Dr. Rico’s Sixth Renaissance.
George Ricker Berry The Interlinear Literal Translation of the Greek NT. And here is a modern defense of the Hamilton Interlinear Method of learning foreign language. Here is Hamilton’s The History, Principles, Practice, and Results of the Hamiltonian System (1769-1829)
The Tyndale House Greek Text of Mark. This is a sample from The Greek NT recently published by Tyndale House Cambridge. It is based on the oldest manuscripts and recent research into scribal habits. Here is a verse-by-verse comparison of the Robinson-Pierpoint Byzantine Text-type of Mark and the Tyndale House Greek text.
Plan for Reading the Greek NT in 2023 following the order in Darryl Burling’s Master NT Greek. Students read 1 chapter per day, five days per week for 260 chapters in 52 weeks.
A Systematic Plan for Mastering the Greek Text of Mark. This is a plan I created for repeated reading of Mark’s Gospel to improve my ability to sight read NT Greek. Here is my Workbook for Mastering the Greek Text of the Gospel of Mark. Here is my Vocabulary Aid and Parsed Verbs for the Gospel of Mark. Here is a specially formatted Greek of Mark’s Gospel. Here is The Gospel of Mark Vocabulary Practice. Eugene Nida: Learning by Listening. Click on the chapter to access Dr. Louis Tyler’s recording of the Robinson-Pierpoint Byzantine Textform: Mark 1, Mark 2, Mark 3, Mark 4, Mark 5, Mark 6, Mark 7, Mark 8, Mark 9, Mark 10, Mark 11, Mark 12, Mark 13, Mark 14, Mark 15, Mark 16.
Brooks & Winbery (1979) Syntax of New Testament Greek. An outstanding 8-case grammar.
Summary of the Greek Cases (5 case system) with examples.
Patriarchal Text (1904) of the Greek Orthodox Church. This text of the NT is great because it can be pasted into a Word document with all the accents, breathings, etc.
Student’s Textus Receptus: This is the 1855 American Edition Polymicrian Testament by William Greenfield. It is one of the most helpful Greek texts for students learning N.T. Greek.
Solid Rock Greek NT: Scholar’s Edition (2018). This is a text produced on Byzantine-priority principles.
Novum Testamentum Gracece: Wide Margin Study Edition. This is the 1904 Nestle text.
Word Picture in the New Testament by A. T. Robertson. This is even better than the original because it presents the Greek words in Greek rather than English transliteration. Here is an recent es “Robertson’s Century: The reception and impact of an epoch-making grammar of the GNT.
Septuagint Greek Text by the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.
Septuaginta This is a very readable copy of the Rahlfs/Hanhart edition. It can be cut and pasted into text documents. You can also find the Nestle Aland 28ed and BHS Hebrew.
F. H. A. Scrivener's Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. A Greek based on the 1550 TR of Stephanici. It has a magnificent cross-reference system and textual apparatus including readings from Tischendorf, Westcott-Hort, et. al. If it where still available, it would be my NT Greek Study Bible.
Hodge & Farstad The Greek NT According to the Majority Text, 2nd ed. I read this critical text of the New Testament through in 1984 for my daily devotional.
The new 28 edition of the Nestle Aland Greek NT is available Online. As the INTF worked through the Catholic letters, they came to see much greater value of the Byzantine manuscripts than they had previously. The NA 28 recognizes the "readability of the mainstream tradition." this welcome change in perspective was made possible because of exhaustive collations. See Dan Wallace.
The #1 app for reading and studying Greek is Bible Web App. I know of no better tool anywhere for any price for helping your read your Greek New Testament.
Here are some very detailed, extensive, and helpful NT Greek Charts for Global Learners by R. Aschmann.
Intermediate Biblical Greek Reader: Galatians and Related Texts (No Date, 2010 or later) Nija K. Gupta & Jonah M. Sandford. For those who have completed a beginning Greek course, this book will help you reach the next level.
Mark in Greek by Rob Plummer. There are recorded videos explaining the Greek in every verse in Mark. Rob is coauthor of Going Deeper with NT. Greek. Merkle and Plummer in 2020 published their up-to-date Beginning with NT Greek. Since their Answer Key does not accent the English to Greek translations, I made my own Answer Key with all the words accented.
Sharpening Your Greek: A Primer for Bible Teachers and Pastors Part I by Gregory R. Lanier. A very thorough introduction. Part II.
John Dobson's Learn New Testament Greek is a very popular method. The audio is very good Erasmian pronunciation. He follows the same linguistic principles that I have used in teaching my language classes.
Cheryl Lowe, a leading author and publisher in the Classical Core Curriculum movement, recently alerted me to the virtues of Clayton Croy's Primer of Biblical Greek. I highly recommend this well organized and thorough grammar of NT Greek. A tremendous of valuables Online help is available: Croy Resources. The Eerdmans resources are excellent: includes answer key! Mrs. Lowe passed away in July 2017.You can borrow Croy’s Primer for one hour on Archive.
Greek to Me: Learning New Testament Greek Through Memory Visualization by J. Lyle Story & Cullen I. K. Story. I taught this text in the late 1970's with great success. I thought it was out of print, but am glad to discover that it is still for sale at a very low price. It would be great to use with local Church people desiring to read the NT in the original language. You can order a CD, Flash Cards and other material to accompany the program at Greektome.biz.
Greek New Testament: LaParola.
Listen to Genesis in Greek read by Anton Tasos This is excellent modern Greek pronunciation.
Home School Greek: For students laboring to make their own way into Greek without a teacher, I recommend Harvey Bluedorn's Home School Greek. Harvey's method is largely programmed so the student can teach himself. Audio Cassettes are available. Order your copy at: Home School Greek
Here is a interesting, interactrive story approach to learning begining Koine Greek: CALL: Koine Greek
New Testament Greek: A Beginning and Intermediate Grammar (1986) by James Allen Hewett, one of the better NT Grammars.
Lumina: An Online App that will let you read several English (including NET) and a Greek text of the New Testament with notes.
Westcott & Hort Resource Center. A good source of information on Wescott & Hort, and downloadable copies of their works.
A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint (2003) by Johan Lust, Erik Eynikle, and Katrin Haupie. This is a pdf of the whole lexicon!
Concise Greek-English Dictionary of the NT (2010 Revised ed.) by Barclay M. Newman. The handiest dictionary available.
Biblical Greek Illustrated by Examples by Maximilian Zerwick S. J. An exceptionally valuable work. I bought my copy on 6/27/72!
An Introduction to the Study of New Testament Greek (1955) 5th Edition of James Hope Moulton’s book (1909, 1914), edited by Henry G. Meecham.
Basics of Greek Accents: Eight Lessons with Exercises (2018) by John A. L. Lee is an excellent tool for mastering Greek accents. I made a Template for the Exercises so I can practice without having to write in the book.
Greek Fonts
I recommend the UNICODE Classical Greek Font, which is available for download from Tavultesoft: Keyman 15 It is easy to touch type all the Greek letters and accents! This is quite an improvement since the days when I typed the English with my Royal Safara manual typewriter, and wrote the Greek by hand! Unfortunately this doesn't work with my new Mac!!! Will someone please make a Keyman keyboard for Mac! I use the Unicode program that comes with the Mac; it confuses my fingers and fries my brain - but I manage. After 6 years typing Greek on my Macbook, I eventually mastered the new keyboard and can touch type Greek, Spanish, and English. It still seems weird to type upsilon with the y-key, but my mind finally accepted the new system. I use the SIL Galatia font most of my work with the Macbook.
Dr. Gleason Archer
One of the very best tools for learning Greek was Dr. Gleason Archer's Greek Master by Heaven Word. I have spent many happy hours listening to his rendition of Matthew, John, and Roman. I have found that listening, is the best way to learn any language. His pronunciation is exactly like mine, except that I trill my rhos, and deaspirate my stops. His oral rendering of the Greek accents is precise. He carefully connects the proclitics and enclitics with the words to which they are to be pronounced. I developed my system of pronunciation years before listening to Dr. Archer's, but it is very gratifying to learn that a highly respected Greek scholar has adopted for his personal reading of the Greek text a nearly identical method. This program had the whole New Testament according to the American Bible Society 4th ed., with an excellent interlinear for those who need it. We lament that Dr. Archer passed away on April 27, 2004. Here is Dr. Archer's oral rendition of the Sermon on the Mount: Matthew 5. Matthew 6. Matthew 7. It is very important to understand that Dr. Archer is reading at a conversational speed and with fluency and accuracy. Lamentably the program is no longer available, I am told because of a lack of interest. What a shame! Nothing even close has come along to replace it. On October 25, 2017, I found a recording of Dr. Archer’s oral rendition of John 1-9 that I had transferred from the program to a separate archive file: John 1. John 2. John 3. John 4. John 5. John 6. John 7. John 8. John 9.
One book that I have used almost daily to assist me in reading my Greek New Testament is that most helpful volume, Grammatical Analysis of the Greek NT by Max Zerwick. Basically it is a one volume commentary on the grammar and vocabulary of the Greek New Testament. Order your copy at : Grammatical Analysis of the Greek New Testament. With nothing but Zerwick, a good lexicon, and a basic grammar the serious student can go a long way in reading the Greek NT for himself.
The Clementine Tradition: Bernard Orchard’s thesis on the order, dating, and dependence of the Gospels: Matthew Luke Mark.
I have several lexicons in my library from an 1850 edition of Edward Robinson to the latest BAGD. Quite frankly there are two that answer most of my needs and are small and easy to tote about. They both have the handy feature of listing irregular verbs in alphabetical order, eliminating the need for an analytical lexicon. The first is better but much more expensive. They can both be ordered on-line at: Shorter Lexicon: Gingrich-Danker or Dictionary of the GNT: Newman. Now add Danker's The Concise Greek-English Lexicon of the NT.
Eric Sowell (2002) An Intermediate Guide to Greek Diagramming. I learned to diagram Greek from William LaSor's Handbook of NT Greek in the mid 1970's It was an exhilarating experience.
Grammar Notes for New Testament Greek prepared by James L. Boyce, Luther Seminary (2003)
Diagramming and Conducting a Grammatical Analysis. Excellent information on how to diagram Greek sentences.
Wesley J. Perschbacher (1995) NT Greek Syntax: An Illustrated Manual. Very complete and helpful, full bibliography. One reviewer indicates that there are many errors in the Greek and English text due to lack of proofreading.
R. W. Funk (1972) Beginning-Intermediate Grammar of Hellenistic Greek, Vol. 2. Hands-down the best syntax written from a modern linguistic viewpoint.
S. Walter Green (1906) Lessons in New Testament Greek (A Secondary Course) with Exercises and Reading Lessons. A fine book for students familiar with the elements
Moisés Silva (1983) Biblical Words and Their Meanings: An Introduction to Lexical Semantics
Eugene Van Ness Goetchius (1965) Language of the New Testament. One of the most used book in my library, specially strong on morphology and sentence structure.
Harold Greenlee A Concise Exegetical Grammar of New Testament Greek. Thanks to Asbury Theological Seminary for making Greenlee’s helpful work available for free digital download.
Joseph l. Dongell (2015) Elementary New Testament Greek. This is the first year Greek grammar used at Asbury Theological Seminary, an excellent work.
Robert Dean, Jr. (2003) Greek Grammar for Those Who Don’t Know Greek. A very practical introduction to NT Greek.
Biblical Greek Language and Linguistics (1993) edited by Stanley E. Porter & D. A. Carson. Extremely important, especially re. Verbal Aspect.
Greek Accents: A Student’s Manual by D. A. Carson. This is a high quality pdf of the book. I have used it extensively in my studies of New Testament Greek. He uses the British order of the cases.
The OpenText.org website offers some astute analysis of the Grammar of the Greek NT. I wouldn't consider a study of a NT text complete without reference to this site.
Elements of Fluency in Reading Greek A Short but helpful article by Rodney A. Whitacre on developing fluency in reading Greek. I also suggest reading while listening to a good recording such as Dr. Luis Tyler's renditions of the WH and Robertson-Pierpoint Byzantine texts.
Danny Zacharias has rich NT Greek page at Helping People Learn Greek.
Learn to write and read Byzantine Greek Cursive.
TextKit.org had lot of old language book available. They were early pacesetters in publish classical material, much of which is now available from other sources.
Samuel A. Cartledge’'s Basic Grammar of The Greek New Testament (1959). A handy review and reference. He also wrote A Conservative Introduction to the New Testament (1948) This copy of Cartledge’s Jesus of Fact and Faith (1968) was owned by my professor, George Mark Elliott.
David Alan Black's Greek Resources Online page.
Christological Greek Grammar; The Person and Work of Christ in Ephesians by Dr. Gary Staats. A very helpful work, especially for beginning students of Greek.
F. A. Adams (1885) The Greek Prepositions, Studied from their Original Meanings as Designations of Space. A most helpful work for learning those pesky prepositions.
Moses Stuart and Edward Robinson A Greek Grammar of the New Testament, 1825. Here is the 1841 edition: A Greek Grammar of the NT. Moses Stuart: The Father of Biblical Science in America. by John H. Giltner (1988).
William Trollope 1841 A Grammar of the Greek New Testament and to the common or Hellenic diction of the Later Greek.
Edward Robinson's 1851 translation of Phillip Buttman's A Greek Grammar for the Use of High Schools and Universities. Here is some information on the Life of Edward Robinson. He was the premier American Biblical scholar of his day. "Their Finest Hour: Edward Robinson and the Exploration of Palestine" (Ch. 7 in Rise of Biblical Criticism in America. 1800-1870. The new England Scholars by Jerry Wayne Brown (1969)
William Webster's The Syntax and Synonyms of the Greek New Testament, 1865.
For a very excellent study of the Greek Moods and Tenses as used in the Greek New Testament, students can still gain valuable insights from E. D. Burton's Syntax of Greek Moods and Tenses.
J. Hope Moulton's A Grammar of the Greek New Testament: Prolegomena, 1906. The same year Moulton delivered a very readable lecture, The Science of Language and the Study of the New Testament. The second volume, A Grammar of NT Greek covering Sounds and Writing & Word Formation by Howard. Here is the third volume, Syntax by Nigel Turner
W. F. Moulton's translation of G. B. Winer's A Treatise on the Grammar of New Testament Greek, 1882. I find it interesting that Harold E. Hoehner's recent (2002) Exegetical Commentary on Ephesians had numerous references to this edition of Winer. I have spent many pleasant and profitable hours studying Hoehner's master work on Ephesians.
Machen, Davis, and Cary - Free beginning Greek grammars on the web
New Testament Greek for Beginners by Machen has long been a favorite textbook. Here is Dan G. McCartney’s 2nd ed. of Machen’s NT Greek for Beginners. A Study Guide for J. Gresham Machen’s N Greek for Beginners (1980). W. H Davis wrote a fine NT Greek Grammar that is available for download at: Beginner's Grammar of NT Greek. (Davis Grammar is in pdf format) Davis' Grammar fortunately, like Roberts, introduces the infinitive earlier than Machen and others, allowing the students to compose and read Greek much earlier. It has recently been republished in an revised and expanded format by Dr. Shackelford: Davis' Grammar Revised. Here is a note on the "Preface" from the Southwester Baptist Theological Seminary. I have published Corrections to Shackelford-Davis. Davis is very strong on the accents. Davis also has much more detailed information concerning Greek usage than Machen. Here is a excellent pdf file for Davis' Vocabulary. Here is an excellent PDF of Davis’ Grammar. Here is a excellent PDF of Machen’s NT Greek for Beginners. Answer Key to Machen’s Grammar. Study Guide for Machen’s NT Greek for Beginners (1980) by David L. Thompson. A very detailed and helpful guide.
Geo. L. Cary (1878) An Introduction to the Greek of the New Testament. Libravox has recorded all of Cary Introduction. The recordings make are excellent for self-study. Here is the Archive copy of An Introduction to the Greek of the New Testament. It is especially good for developing fluency.
R. W. Funk's A Beginning-Intermediate Grammar of Hellenistic Greek. I used this modern structural grammar a lot when I was beginning to learn NT. Greek. A very complete and helpful work. I notice that C. B. Hale assisted with the editing. Obviously written before Funk joined the Jesus Seminar. Here is a free copy of the Workbook. It is also available in a new paperback edition: Beginning-Intermediate Greek. Funk also translated and edited the famous and useful A Greek Grammar of the NT and other Early Christian Literature and by Blass-DeBrunner (1961). Usually abbreviated BDF.
Multipurpose Tools for Bible Study: Revised & Expanded Edition by Frederick W. Danker (1993). A Bibliography with valuable help on how to use the tools. I have used the first edition this book since 5/18/71!
David Aan Black (1995) Linguistics for Students of NT Greek. I have used this book for years and found it very valuable.
Alexander Souter (1917) A Pocket Lexicon to the Greek New Testament. I have a beautiful hardbound copies of this book, which has seen heavy use in my ministry.
G. Abbott-Smith (1922) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. An excellent lexicon that I have used for years.
Gramática Elemental del Griego del Nuevo Testamento. Puede descargar este gramática gratis.
Encountering New Testament Manuscripts: A Working Introduction to Textual Criticism (1974) by Jack Finegan. Light from the Ancient Past: An Archaeological Background of Judaism & Christianity.
The Byzantine Text-Type and New Testament Textual Criticism (1984) by Harry A. Sturz.
Read the Old Testament in Greek Online
For an excellent, readable copy of the Old Testament in Greek A. E. Brooke, N. McLean, H. St-J. Thackeray, ed., London : Cambridge University Press, 1906-. I read the Greek OT for my daily devotions in 1978. It was a marvelous experience, and I recommend at least one reading of the entire Greek OT with a pen in hand for noting vocabulary, grammar, and spiritual points of interests. Read the Old Testament in Greek.
Greek Language Tools An interesting phonics approach to Greek morphology.
You can read a facsimile of Erasmus' Greek New Testament and a lot of other old Bibles at Bibles-Online.net
Greek New Testament (by Tony Fisher): the text of the New Testament is rendered here as images. You do not need any Greek fonts installed to view the pages. If you click on a Greek word, it turns red and a table appears, giving morphological information about the word, including its root and grammatical category. You can also do word searches. This is an excellent aid for anyone seeking to learn to read his Greek New Testament.
For a very learner-friendly introduction to Homeric Greek, I highly recommend The Greek Enchiridion.
An amazing amount of Greek grammar information can be found at the following site: Greek Grammar.
New Testament Greek for Laymen: An Introductory Grammar (2002) By Michael A. Merritt. .
The Online Greek Bible: This web site offers NT search capability along with parsing. It is a great source to have up and running when reading the New Testament: The Online Greek Bible.
Elementary New Testament Greek by Open Texture is a three year program for NT Greek.
A. W. Argyle (1965) An Introductory Grammar of New Testament Greek with Exercises. A very delightful and well organized grammar, superb for review.
For a veritable plethora of information on New Testament textual criticism, see the TC Links page.
The Princeton Classical Language Instruction Project has some good classical audio.
Edward Robinson's 1850 Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament. Although old, this lexicon is especially valuable because of its examples of word usage from classical authors.
Here is Hudson’s 1875 Critical Greek and English Concordance of the New Testament.
J. A. Bass 1860 A Greek and English Manual Lexicon to the New Testament with Examples of all Irregular and more Difficult Inflections.
Alexander Souter (1917 ) A Pocket Lexicon of of the Greek New Testament. A good lexicon that made use of papyri discoveries. Here is Souter’s The Text and Canon of the New Testament (1913)
Here is a school edition of Edward Robinson's earlier edition: A Greek Lexicon to the NT (1836) Charles Robson.
You can purchase Maurice Robinson's Byzantine text at: The New Testament in the Original Greek.
Here is an article by Henry C. Theissen, "Should NT Greek Be Required in Our Ministerial Training Courses?"
Machen: The Minister and His Greek Testament. Here is a brief but vital excerpt: "The Greek of the New Testament is by no means a difficult language; a very fair knowledge of it may be acquired by any minister of average intelligence. And to that end two homely directions may be given. In the first place, the Greek should be read aloud. A language cannot easy be learned by the eye alone. The sound as well as the sense of familiar passages should be impressed upon the mind, until sound and sense are connected without the medium of translation. Let this result not be hastened; it will come of itself if the simple direction be followed. In the second place, the Greek Testament should be read every day without fail, Sabbaths included. Ten minutes a day is of vastly more value than seventy minutes once a week. If the student keeps a "morning watch," the Greek Testament ought to be given a place in it; at any rate, the Greek Testament should be read devotionally. The Greek Testament is a sacred book, and should be treated as such. If it is treated so, the reading of it will soon become a source of joy and power." Here is a Spanish translation: El Ministro y su Nuevo Testamento Griego.
A. T. Robertson's (1909) A Short Grammar of the Greek New Testament. This was revised in 1933 with the help of William Hershey Davis and published as A New Short Grammar of the Greek New Testament. His 1903 Bibliography for Study of New Testament Greek can lead to some important sources. Here is Robertson's inaugural address on Preaching and Scholarship. Read it closely, dust off your NT, and preach better sermons! The Robertson-Davis (1933) A New Short Grammar of the Greek New Testament 10th remains a goldmine of information.
A. T. Robertson's (1919, 3rd edition) A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research. I got my copy of Robertson's Big Grammar on August 14, 1972. For the next few weeks, the world outside of my office stopped as I devoured Robertson's Grammar. No one ever made Greek Grammar as exciting as Dr. Robertson. One neglects Robertson's Grammar at his own exegetical peril.
A. T. Robertson (1923) The Minister and His Greek New Testament. You will need special Greek font to read the Greek words.
J. H. Moulton's Introduction to the Study of New Testament Greek (1895). Note that this is a book for beginners, not to be confused with his larger Prolegomena. Robertson mentions the book, but says that it is was not well adapted to American schools. I have a hardbound copy in my library. I have found it quite helpful.
P. Thomson (1895) The Greek Tenses in the New Testament: Their Bearing on its Accurate Interpretation. I discovered this book while examining the bibliography of A. T. Robertson's Short Grammar above. This is a fascinating and practical work. It includes "A Rendering of the Gospels and Notes" discussing the implications of tense for translation and interpretation of Gospel texts." A work you will want to read with your Greek New Testament in your hand!
John A. Battlefield Jr. 1975 PhD thesis: The Present Indicative in NT Exegesis. Other eSources are available from the Gordon Faculty Online.
Gessner Harrison (1858) Treatise on the Greek Prepositions and on the Case of the Nouns with which they are used. Harrison taught John A. Broadus who taught A. T. Robertson. I saw a copy of this at the Winona Lake Theological Seminary Library in Warsaw, Indiana. Harrison was one of the first scholars to make use of the new knowledge of comparative philology.
Emily Helen Dutton Studies in the Greek Prepositional Phrases διἀ, ἀπὀ, ἐκ, ἑν. (1916). Α full length monogram.
Clyde W. Votow's The Use of the Infinitive in New Testament Greek (1896).
Richard Weymouth 1894 On The Rendering into English of the Greek Aorist and Perfect and The Resultant Greek Testament.
William Ramsey has a complete Greek Course available at Inthebeginning.com
Here are some Classical Greek texts with accompanying translations to aid you in expanding your Greek horizons beyond Biblical literature Classical Greeks Texts with Translations. Some of the translations are from ancient to modern Greek, others to English.
Acts of Apostles Translated from the Greek on the Basis of the Common Version (1858) by Alexander Campbell. Three columns comparing the KJV & Greek Text & Campbell's Revised Version accompanied with extensive notes on the Greek text justifying his translation. Exhibits wide reading and careful judgment.
Moses Stuart (1832, 1854) Commentary on Romans.
Moses Stuart 1845 Commentary on the Apocalypse.
John Eadie (1883) Commentary on the Greek Text of Ephesians. Samuel Turner (1856) The Epistle to the Ephesians
Arthur Ellis 1862 Bentlii Critica Sacra (The textual and biblical scholar, Richard Bentley notes.)
DeWette 1858 An Historico-Critical Introduction to the Historical Books of the New Testament.
Rose's 1833 editon of Middleton's famous 1828 Doctrine of the Greek Article.
A. C. Barrett 1878 Companion to the Greek New Testament A Cambridge School and College Textbook.
C. E. Hammond 1880 Outlines of Textual Criticism Applied to the New Testament.
B. B. Warfield 1897 Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament. A very clear and easy to understand introduction for the beginner in the field.
Marvin R. Vincent 1899 A History of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament.
F. H. Scrivener 1861 A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament for the Use of Biblical Students. In general, he defended the traditional text. Also his 1859 Contributions to the Criticism of the Greek New Testament being the Introduction to an Edition of the Codex Augiensis and Fifty Other Manuscripts.
Edwin Abbott's Johannine Vocabulary 1905; and Johannine Grammar 1906. The Fourth Gospel 1913, something of a commentary on John with considerable reference to the Synoptics. It is important to keep in mind that Abbott denied the miraculous elements of the Gospels and OT, but his Greek scholarship was impeccable and of lasting value.
Here and There in the Greek New Testament by Potwin. An excellent little introduction to exegesis.
Richard A. Young (1989) "A Classification of Conditional Sentences Based on Speech Act Theory.”
A First Greek Reader with Notes and Vocabulary by Charles Melville Moss, 1887. A good reader for beginners.
E. A. Sophocles: History of the Greek Alphabet with remarks on the Orthography and Pronunciation, 1848.
The Pronunciation of Greek and Latin by E. H. Sturtenvant, 1920. This is a standard work in the field by a leading linguist of the time.
The Restored Pronunciation of Greek and Latin, 1908.
Here is a book comparing Modern and Ancient Greek pronunciation: The Modern Greek: Its Pronunciation and Relation to Ancient Greek. Also see the thoroughly delightful work, Greek and Latin as in Rome and Athens, or, Classical Languages and Modern Tongues (1880) by Francis M. Wyndham.
Richard Payne Knight's An Analytical Essay on the Greek Alphabet, 1791. An old but interesting work.
William Penn 1874 How to Learn to Read the Greek New Testament.
A Practical Guide to the Greek New Testament, 1900. Samuel Bagster & Sons. A neat book for getting quickly into the GNT. It will take you through the Sermon on the Mount!
A. T. Robertson's tells us, "The best discussion of comparative grammar for beginners is the second edition of P. Giles 1901 A Short Manual of Comparative Philology for Classical Students.
Analytical Vocabulary 1878 of all the words in the Greek New Testament. An extremely valuable work for enabling one to master the vocabulary of the Greek New Testament.
Here is Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Teatament 1889. I had the privelege of studying under Professor R. C. Foster, a student of Dr. Thayer. Dr. Thayer also wrote a helpful book, Books and Their Use, An Address, to which is appended a list of books for Students of the New Testament.
H. B. Sweet's great commentary on the Greek text of Mark.
Samuel H. Turner (1856) The Epistle to the Ephesians: In Greek and English, with an Analysis and Exegetical Commentary.
Hobart's 1882 Medical Language of Luke. Here is Harnack's great work on Luke: Luke the Physician. Plummer's commentary in